{"id":5345,"date":"2019-08-04T10:18:50","date_gmt":"2019-08-04T08:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tyr\/miloamerge\/glossaire\/plantes\/echinacea\/"},"modified":"2024-07-16T16:59:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-16T14:59:50","slug":"echinacea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/glossary\/plants\/echinacea\/","title":{"rendered":"<span class=\"echinacea\">Echinacea<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><H2>CHARACTERISTICS <\/H2>Its composition is complex. It contains polysaccharides, alkylamides (echinacein), phenolic compounds (cichoric acid, echinacoside), an essential oil.<\/p>\n<p>Its mode of action is complex and not yet fully elaborated. It acts on immunity on several levels. It stimulates phagocytosis of macrophages <span class=\"prod_ref\">(ZHAI &amp; al, 2009)<\/span>. It causes an activation of PMNs, NKs. It increases the number of T and B lymphocytes, as well as the secretion of cytokines <span class=\"prod_ref\">(ZHAI &amp; al, 2007)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>It is an IMMUNOMODULATOR plant: depending on the immune status of the individual, it induces different effects. For example, if a subject has an interleukin deficiency (IL-8), monocytes and interferon gamma, their rates are increased from 18% to 49%, while no changes are observed in subjects with normal concentrations <span class=\"prod_ref\">(RITCHIE &amp; al, 2011)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><H2>PROPERTIES<\/H2><\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Anti-inflammatory activity:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Echinacea has an anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting TNF alpha, IL-2, IL-6 <span class=\"prod_ref\">(XU &amp; al, 2006)<\/span>, COX 1 and 2 iso-enzymes, thereby decreasing PGE2 <span class=\"prod_ref\">(RAMAN &amp; al, 2008)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Chemoprevention:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In mice, several studies have shown protective radio action and better recovery after gamma radiation treatment <span class=\"prod_ref\">(ABOUELELLA &amp; al, 2007)<\/span>. In 8 weeks, rats with prostate hyperplasia, it has been noted a decrease in size as well as improved tissue structure <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SKAUDICKAS &amp; al, 2009)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Antiviral activity:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The echinacea has an antiviral activity thanks to an action on inositol. <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SENCHINA &amp; al, 2010)<\/span>. It also inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by respiratory viruses such as rhinovirus type 1A <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SHARMA &amp; al, 2010)<\/span>. It protects against herpes virus simplex infection by interfering with the virus\u2019s attachment to the cell <span class=\"prod_ref\">(GHAEMI &amp; al, 2009)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Antibacterial activity:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Several studies have shown an anti-adhesive activity against <em>Campylobacter jejuni<\/em> <span class=\"prod_ref\">(BENSCH &amp; al, 2011)<\/span>. It also inhibits the proliferation of <em>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/em>, <em>Haemophilus influenzae<\/em> and <em>Legionnella pneumophila<\/em>, while decreasing their proinflammatory activity. It is less effective against <em>Staphylococcus aureus<\/em> but still acts against inflammation induced by bacteria <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SHARMA &amp; al, 2010)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Antifungal activity:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Echinacea hexanes have a toxic photo activity against fungi, such as <em>Candida albicans<\/em> <span class=\"prod_ref\">(BINNS &amp; al, 2010)<\/span> but also against <em>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/em> by altering its cell wall <span class=\"prod_ref\">(MIR-RASHED &amp; al, 2010)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Pest control activity:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Its activity is mainly marked against nematodes in pigs and goats <span class=\"prod_ref\">(LANS &amp; al, 2007)<\/span>. It also inhibits the proliferation of <em>Leishmania donovani<\/em> and <em>Leishmania major<\/em> <span class=\"prod_ref\">(CANLAS &amp; al, 2010)<\/span>.<\/li>\n<p>Finally, it is very useful for fighting upper respiratory tract infections. It can be used preventively and there is a decrease in the incidence of infections, the number of days of illness and the taking of painkillers; or acutely and its use improves general condition and decreases associated symptoms <span class=\"prod_ref\">(JAWAD &amp; al, 2012)<\/span>. <\/p>\n<p>Generally speaking, the earlier it is used, the more effective it is <span class=\"prod_ref\">(WOELKART &amp; al, 2008)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><span class=\"mil_bold\">Therefore, don\u2019t wait any longer and give your immunity a boost!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Echinacea is a plant native to North America. Native Americans have been using it to treat snake wounds and bites since ancient times.<br \/>\nIt was in 1800 that it appeared in western medical practices. It is part of the Asteraceae family. The entire plant is used: root, leaves and upper parts.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[390,298],"class_list":["post-5345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plants","tag-product-immune-supp-en","tag-index-plantes-en-e"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5345","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}