{"id":5625,"date":"2020-01-28T22:53:44","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T21:53:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tyr\/miloamerge\/glossaire\/plantes\/olive\/"},"modified":"2022-03-29T21:27:09","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T19:27:09","slug":"olive","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/glossary\/plants\/olive\/","title":{"rendered":"<span class=\"olive\">Olive<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><H2>CHARACTERISTICS<\/H2> <\/p>\n<p>The leaves are rich in secoiridoids (oleuropeoside, oleuroside, etc.), phenols (oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol, verbascoside, etc.), triterpenes (oleanolic and ursolic acids) and flavonoids (rutoside, apigenin and luteolin). Olive oil is rich in essential fatty acids, especially oleic acid (omega-9). Olive is strongly beneficial for your cardiovascular health.<\/p>\n<p><H2>PROPERTIES<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Antihypertensive properties:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In a study by Perrinjaquet-Moccetti et al. in 2008 involving 40 borderline hypertensive sets of twins, 500 mg or 1,000 mg\/day olive leaf extract (OLE) lowered systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The blood pressure-lowering effect of olive is mediated through calcium channel blockade <span class=\"prod_ref\">(GILANI &#038; al, 2005)<\/span> and by its sympatholytic activity <span class=\"prod_ref\">(NEKOOEIAN &#038; al, 2014)<\/span>. OLE lowers left ventricular systolic pressure and increases coronary blood flow by directly but reversibly inhibiting calcium channels <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SCHEFFLER &#038; al, 2008)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>In 1996 Hansen et al. demonstrated that the polyphenols in OLE can inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. The antihypertensive activity of OLE at a daily dose of 1,000 mg is comparable with that of Captopril at a dose of 12.5 to 25 mg twice daily <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SUSALIT &#038; al, 2011)<\/span>. The oleanolic acid in olive leaf has vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects. It stimulates the production of endothelial NO, which causes relaxation of the endothelial smooth muscles in blood vessels, including coronary arteries <span class=\"prod_ref\">(RODRIGUEZ &#038; al, 2004&#8239;; SINGH &#038; al, 2008&#8239;; NEKOOEIAN &#038; al, 2014)<\/span>. Olive leaf also has anti-arrhythmic effects <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SOMOVA &#038; al, 2003)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>Oleuropein protects the myocardium from the toxic effects (congestive heart failure) of Doxorubicin (a chemotherapy drug). Researchers have observed less vacuolisation in the cytoplasm, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and reduced iNOS, CPK, CK-MB, LDH and AST levels in the group treated with oleuropein, but not in the control group <span class=\"prod_ref\">(ANDREADOU &#038; al, 2007, 2014)<\/span>. Using an induced ischaemia model, Manna et al. (2004) demonstrated that oleuropein lowers creatine kinase activity (the marker of choice used to assess the severity of cardiac damage) and reduces the release of oxidised glutathione (a sensitive marker of the heart\u2019s exposure to oxidative stress). It protects against acute myocardial infarction and prevents heart failure. Researchers have seen a decrease in infarct size and in the extent of cardiac damage, and reductions in serum LDH, troponin 1 and creatine kinase-MB levels <span class=\"prod_ref\">(JANAHMADI &#038; al, 2014)<\/span>. Oleuropein restores endothelial progenitor cells (which are responsible for neovascularisation and neo-endothelisation after damage) due to its antioxidant properties and because it increases Nrf2 <span class=\"prod_ref\">(PARZONKO &#038; al, 2013)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Antioxidant properties: <\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>OLE protects membranes from lipid oxidation <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SOMOVA &#038; al, 2003&#8239;; FERREIRA &#038; al, 2007)<\/span>. The polyphenols in olive leaves (secoiridoids) are powerful free radical scavengers and inhibit platelet aggregation <span class=\"prod_ref\">(SINGH &#038; al, 2008)<\/span>. Olive leaf has strong antioxidant properties <span class=\"prod_ref\">(MATTEO &#038; al, 2015&#8239;; VOGEL &#038; al, 2015)<\/span> and protects cardiomyocytes <span class=\"prod_ref\">(EI &#038; AL KARAKAYA, 2009&#8239;; BALI &#038; al, 2014)<\/span>. <\/p>\n<p>OLE intake is associated with a fall in MDA levels and an increase in SOD activity. The potent antioxidant activity of oleuropein is linked to its ability to chelate copper and iron ions and inhibit lipoxygenases <span class=\"prod_ref\">(ANDRIKOPOULOS &#038; al, 2002)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"color: #d61163;\">\n<li>\n<h3><font color=\"#d61163\">Cholesterol and glucose-lowering properties:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Olive leaf can lower cholesterol and tryglyceride levels in the blood <span class=\"prod_ref\">(ANDREADOU &#038; al, 2006&#8239;; EFENTAKIS &#038; al, 2015&#8239;; VOGEL &#038; al, 2015)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>It reduces atherosclerosis by reducing cell adhesion to the endothelial wall (VCAM-1) <span class=\"prod_ref\">(CARLUCCIO &#038; al, 2003)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p>It also has glucose-lowering effects, reducing postprandial blood glucose in diabetics <span class=\"prod_ref\">(KOMAKI &#038; al, 2003)<\/span>. Olive leaf stimulates insulin release and enhances cellular glucose uptake. It also prevents diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress <span class=\"prod_ref\">(AL-AZZAWIE &#038; ALHAMDANI, 2006)<\/span>. <\/p>\n<p><span class=\"mil_bold\">Olive &#8211; for a healthy heart!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OLEA EUROPAEA<br \/>\nOlive is a species of small tree in the Oleaceae family. It is found in the Mediterranean Basin and its dried leaves and fruit (also called olives) are used in herbal medicine. It is a traditional symbol of abundance, glory and peace.<br \/>\nOlives and olive oil are essential to the famous Mediterranean diet, which is low in saturated fat but high in monosaturated fat (e.g. oleic acid), polyphenols, vitamins and dietary fibre (provided by fruit and vegetables).<br \/>\n<em><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15466,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[407,267],"class_list":["post-5625","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plants","tag-product-cardio-supp-en","tag-index-plantes-en-o"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5625","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5625"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5625\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5625"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5625"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5625"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}