{"id":5821,"date":"2021-01-12T11:31:35","date_gmt":"2021-01-12T10:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tyr\/miloamerge\/glossaire\/plantes\/green-lipped-mussel\/"},"modified":"2024-02-05T18:35:53","modified_gmt":"2024-02-05T17:35:53","slug":"green-lipped-mussel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/glossary\/plants\/green-lipped-mussel\/","title":{"rendered":"Green-lipped mussel<\/span>"},"content":{"rendered":"

CHARACTERISTICS<\/H2><\/p>\n

GLM contains omega-3 fatty acids (DHA, EPA and eicosatetraenoic acid), chondroitin sulphate, amino acids (glutamine), minerals (zinc, copper, manganese) and vitamins E and C (MURPHY & al., 2003 ; RIALLAND & al., 2013)<\/span>. It also contains pernin, a bioactive protein that occurs in high concentrations in the cell-free haemolymph of Perna canaliculus<\/em> and is responsible for some of its health benefits (SCOTTI & al., 2001)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

PROPERTIES<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • \n

    Anti-inflammatory effects:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    GLM has anti-inflammatory properties and boosts the efficacy of oral steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (WHITEHOUSE et al., 2003)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

    It inhibits biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins and reduces TNF-\u03b1 and IL-12p40 production by human monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro<\/em>. It reduces the incidence, onset and severity of arthritis in vivo<\/em> in rats and mice (LAWSON & al., 2007)<\/span>. When administered by intraperitoneal injection, it reduces carrageenan-induced inflammatory oedema of the rat hind footpad (MILLER & OMROD, 1980)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      Beneficial effects in osteoarthritis:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      GLM is effective in improving functional index and reducing pain in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) (LAU & al., 2004 ; GIBSON & GIBSON, 1998 ; AUDEVAL & BOUCHACOURT, 1986 ; BRIEN & al., 2008 ; COULSON et al., 2013)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

      In rats fed a high-fat\/high-sugar diet and developing metabolic-associated OA, adding Perna canaliculus<\/em> to their feed led to a significant reduction in serum C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), a protein fragment that is found at the terminals of the collagen chain and is a biomarker of cartilage degradation. GLM therefore has a protective effect in metabolic-associated OA in rats (SIRIARCHAVATANA & al., 2019)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

      In dogs, supplementation with GLM extracts for eight weeks reduces pain and improves joint mobility, as demonstrated by increased peak vertical force (PVF) values measured on a biomechanical force platform (HIELM-BJ\u00d6RKMAN & al., 2007 ; RIALLAND & al., 2013)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        Protective effects on the gastrointestinal tract:<\/font><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        GLM has protective effects on the digestive system in in vivo models of intestinal inflammation (COULSON & al., 2015)<\/span>. In cases of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium, the lipid extract of GLM significantly reduces body weight loss, disease severity and histological damage (TENIKOFF & al., 2005)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        Perna canaliculus<\/em> also significantly improves gastrointestinal symptoms (by 49%) in OA patients. It is useful in combating gastrointestinal dysfunction linked to analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication use in OA patients (COULSON & al., 2012 ; COULSON & al., 2013)<\/span>.<\/p>\n

        In patients with knee OA, GLM improves the gut microbiota profile, tending to increase bacteria of the genera Bifidobacterium<\/em> and Lactobacillus<\/em>, and decrease bacteria of the genera Enterococcus<\/em> and Clostridium<\/em> (COULSON & al., 2013).<\/span><\/p>\n

        Some authors have hypothesised that GLM triggers the growth of certain intestinal bacterial species, which may contribute to the microbiome\u2019s ability to produce short-chain fatty acids, thus playing an important role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis (SALTZMANN & al., 2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

        To help protect your joints, eat New Zealand green-lipped mussels!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        PERNA CANALICULUS
        \nPerna canaliculus<\/em> or green-lipped mussel (GLM) is found only in New Zealand waters. It has been cultivated commercially since the early 1970s (WOOD & al., 2007)), but has been valued as a delicious and nutritious foodstuff by native New Zealanders since the dawn of history. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":15502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[182],"tags":[290,231],"class_list":["post-5821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-plants","tag-index-plantes-en-g","tag-mobility-supp-2"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5821"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5821\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15502"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miloa.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}